CHEM AND BIO HELP AND TIPS HERE

[CatAly$t]

-fungus penicillium are put inside the fermenter
-feedstock(the nutrients(glucose, amino acids)) are inserted to fermenter (glucose for fermentation, amino acids for growth of fungus)
-contents are stirred
-oxygen are inserted in the form of bubbles (provide large surface area for fungus)
-temperature, pH are regulated (regulation to make sure enzyme works in best condition)
-content are extracted
-penicillin are filtered

extra notes:
fermentation is an anaerobic respiration (C6H12O6 --> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2)

thanks!!!

[someone]

compare nervous and hormonal control systems

enzyme used to extract friut juice

thanks ..

nervous system: fast, effect lasts for a short period, use electrical impulses
hormonal: slow, effect lasts for a long time, use chemicals(hormones)

the enzyme used is pectinase, though i don't know how it works

[Vin]

nervous system: fast, effect lasts for a short period, use electrical impulses
hormonal: slow, effect lasts for a long time, use chemicals(hormones)

the enzyme used is pectinase, though i don't know how it works

pectinase !! yea i remember now .. thanks +rep

[someone]

pectinase !! yea i remember now .. thanks +rep

can any1 tell how the pectinase helps in extracting fruit juice? thx

[Vin]

can any1 tell how the pectinase helps in extracting fruit juice? thx

These break down pectin, a polysaccharide(glucose) that is found in the cell walls of plants .. i remember this

[Helium]

plz what is a  limiting factor

[Vin]

plz what is a  limiting factor

Limiting factor is something which tends to limit say photosynthesis in a plant .
eg
1. on a bright sunny day the stomata of the leaves close to prevent loss of water. So concentration CO2 acts as a limiting factor as it cannot reach the palisade cells for photosynthesis.

2.if there is abundant of CO2 but temp is less so the enzymes cannot work so temp. is a limiting factor

3.on a cloudy day 'light intensity' acts as a limiting factor as photosynthesis require light(energy)

  
 

[Helium]

Limiting factor is something which tends to limit say photosynthesis in a plant .
eg
1. on a bright sunny day the stomata of the leaves close to prevent loss of water. So CO2 acts as a limiting factor as it cannot reach the palisade cells
2.if there is abundant of CO2 but temp is less so the enzymes cannot work sp temp. is a limiting factor
 
 

Thanks, but it only limits Photsynthesis does it

[Vin]

Thanks, but it only limits Photsynthesis does it

here in this example, yes. But there are other examples as well .. jus remember limiting factor is something which limits the growth of something ..

In the production of penicillin
In the sigmoid curve ( if u remember)
Germination of a seed etc.

[Helium]

here in this example, yes. But there are other examples as well .. jus remember limiting factor is something which limits the growth of something ..

In the production of penicillin
In the sigmoid curve ( if u remember)
Germination of a seed etc.

Thank you get

[Ivo]

Please can someone explain the role of hormones in controlling the menstrual cycle (6 marks).

[soulreapr_ninja]

Please can someone explain the role of hormones in controlling the menstrual cycle (6 marks).

Menstruation:the lining of the uterus breaks down due to a drop in the level of projesterone and the cells and the blood making up the lining are shed via the vagina:this is menstruation

Under the influence of oestrogen from the ovaries, the linig of the uterus starts to build up agen developing a mass of blood vessels ready to receive a fertilized ovum
FSH causes a follicle in 1 of the ovaries to develop into an ovum
About halfway through the cycle, the level of oestrogen drops, resulting in the secretion of the hormone LH triggerin ovulation.This is when the walls of the ovary ruptures ready to receive a fertilized ovum
The corpus luteum starts 2 secrete projesterone maintainin the uterus lining
at the end of the cycle, the corpus luteum breaks down due to a drop in the level of projesterone, the menstruation occurs agen

u can sum up the functions of the hormones from this description , thts all u need to knw abt the menstrual cycle

[Ivo]

Menstruation:the lining of the uterus breaks down due to a drop in the level of projesterone and the cells and the blood making up the lining are shed via the vagina:this is menstruation

Under the influence of oestrogen from the ovaries, the linig of the uterus starts to build up agen developing a mass of blood vessels ready to receive a fertilized ovum
FSH causes a follicle in 1 of the ovaries to develop into an ovum
About halfway through the cycle, the level of oestrogen drops, resulting in the secretion of the hormone LH triggerin ovulation.This is when the walls of the ovary ruptures ready to receive a fertilized ovum
The corpus luteum starts 2 secrete projesterone maintainin the uterus lining
at the end of the cycle, the corpus luteum breaks down due to a drop in the level of projesterone, the menstruation occurs agen

u can sum up the functions of the hormones from this description , thts all u need to knw abt the menstrual cycle

Is the corpus luteum in the ovary?

So oestrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH are all secreated from ovary?

[Ivo]

This question is hard:

[Vin]

Please can someone explain the role of hormones in controlling the menstrual cycle (6 marks).

ok here it goes

OESTROGEN

it is produced in the corpus luteum(follicle). This affects the the pituitary gland to produce FSH ( negative feedback). When FSH is produced it stimulates the ovary to produce an egg. It also helps to build up uterus lining to nourish the embryo if formed

PROGESTERONE

also produced in the follicle. it maintains further nourishment of the uterus lining and controls mucus production to support the embryo. Drop in the levels causes menstruation or break down of lining.

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE / LUTEINIZING  hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone and  Luteinizing hormone are secreted the pituitary gland. FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body.