and Science.
and The candidates are
1:Persia:
With a Glittering Army of scientists such as Ibn Hasan Tusi, Khawarizmi and Omar Khayyam who are known for not only shaking the very foundations of polymath, mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, physics, and Literature but also known for producing books that would bring Golden age to Superseding European Empires.
2:Greeks:
Known as the Third Great civilization(after India) with research, experiments and Inventions influencing 7 different World Empires and some of the work by Galen for example are still being studied in Medicine today.
3:Arabs
Producing Geniuses like Ibn Al Haytham, Al-Kindi and Ibn hayyan known for significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to physics, anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, psychology and Visual Perception.You have got to wonder how and why did Moral and Creative Degeneration occur that brought down Arabs from the helicon days of Abu Ali Sina to mere Oil-funded wealth that these countries are enjoying now.
4-India-
The Second Great Civilization.Credited with the Invention of a zero from which All Mathematics and Physics began.Although Arabs or Al-Khawazirmi gave zero the symbol which we see today, He borrowed Principles worth Nine pages from a Indian Book.
In short Indians after much experiments gathered
Nothing/Nothing=Nothing
5-Egypt
World's first Great Civilization.Need i say more.The Culture of Egypt has six thousand years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Producing people such as Ctesibius, Pappus and Diophantus which are icons of Science and Architecture