CHEMISTRY GUIDE-A guide to special conditions needed for various reactions

[Got Tech? GO TECH]

Reactions and the Catalysts needed for such reactions as well as the conditions in terms of pressure and temperature

Cracking:
Alkane +heat= alkene +alkane OR alkene +alkane +hydrogen
Conditions for Reaction: Aluminum oxide and chromium oxide 500 Centigrade

Addition reaction of ethene and steam to form ethanol:
X-ene + steam= X-anol
Conditions for reaction: Phosphoric acid catalyst, 300centigrade 60 ATM

Obtaining Hydrogen from methane for use in Haber’s process:
Methane + steam= hydrogen+ carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide + steam= hydrogen + carbon dioxide
Left over steam is reduced by the reducing agent carbon monoxide
Conditions for reaction: nickel catalyst, 750 centigrade, 30 ATM

Haber’s Process:
Nitrogen + hydrogen (ratio 1:3)= ammonia
Conditions for reaction: Finely divided iron catalyst 450 centigrade 200 ATM

Contact Process (formation of Sulfur trioxide):
Sulfur dioxide + oxygen= sulfur trioxide
Conditions for reaction: vanadium pent oxide catalyst, 450 centigrade

Oxidation of Ethanol to form Ethanoic acid:
Ethanol + oxygen = ethanoic acid + water
Conditions for reaction: It’s not exactly a catalyst but the reaction needs an oxidizing agent for ethanol to oxidize.  Heated Potassium dichromate can be used as it is an oxidizing agent, and during the reaction the potassium dichromate turns from orange to green.

Esterification:
X-oic acid + Y-anol = Y-yl X-anoate
EG: Butanoic acid + heptanol= heptyl butanoate
Conditions for reaction: A few drops of concentrated Sulfuric acid as a catalst

Halogenation (formation of chloroethane, dichloroethane..etc)
Alkane + Chlorine radicals = chloroalkane + hydrogen chloride(HCl)
Conditions for reaction: To obtain chlorine radicals lead tetra-ethyl can be used, or UV rays are used.

That’s all I’ve got for now. If you have any similar additions it would be much appreciated.  

NOTE: Previously for the production of Alcohol, I stated that ethane is reacted with steam, I noticed my mistake, and it's supposed to be ethene. PLEASE take a not of this modification!

[$H00t!N& $t@r]

hey Thanks ALOT!!!! its really helpful
+rep !! keep it up 

[username]

thx ismail

[holtadit]

@Got Tech? GO TECH    Potassium Dichromate changes from ORANGE to green not yellow.

[J.Darren]

Contact Process (formation of Sulfur trioxide):
Sulfur dioxide + oxygen= sulfur trioxide
Conditions for reaction: vanadium pent oxide catalyst, 450 centigrade

- @ Atmospheric pressure

[Got Tech? GO TECH]

@Got Tech? GO TECH    Potassium Dichromate changes from ORANGE to green not yellow.

sorry, thanks for the correction!

[Got Tech? GO TECH]

Contact Process (formation of Sulfur trioxide):
Sulfur dioxide + oxygen= sulfur trioxide
Conditions for reaction: vanadium pent oxide catalyst, 450 centigrade

- @ Atmospheric pressure

 i dont have any references to the atm needed for the reaction. do you have any suggestions?

[elemis]

i dont have any references to the atm needed for the reaction. do you have any suggestions?

Its one atmosphere pressure.

[Got Tech? GO TECH]

Its one atmosphere pressure.

thats what i thought, if there no references to it then it would probably be carried out at atm.

[elemis]

thats what i thought, if there no references to it then it would probably be carried out at atm.

No, one of the requirements IS one atm. If your write that in the exam you get one mark.

Obviously one atm is 100KPa  which is the atm pressure under normal conditions.

[Got Tech? GO TECH]

No, one of the requirements IS one atm. If your write that in the exam you get one mark.

Obviously one atm is 100KPa  which is the atm pressure under normal conditions.

but wouldnt it be 1 atm by default, since the atmosphere always has a pressure of 1 bar?

[Ivo]

but wouldnt it be 1 atm by default, since the atmosphere always has a pressure of 1 bar?

As long as you say it is carried out at atmospheric pressure and at 450^OC you'll get the marks.  And a vanadium_(V) oxide catalyst.

[elemis]

but wouldnt it be 1 atm by default, since the atmosphere always has a pressure of 1 bar?

True, but for some reason you get awarded a mark for saying that when asked for the requirements.

However, I must agree it is a flimsy point and I would suggest you DONT use it.

The catalyst and temp are better ones.

[Baladya]

yooo help appreciated man

[Got Tech? GO TECH]

True, but for some reason you get awarded a mark for saying that when asked for the requirements.

However, I must agree it is a flimsy point and I would suggest you DONT use it.

The catalyst and temp are better ones.

Yeah they won't ask for more than 2 reqs..thanks!