Precautions and improvements (for paper 6 physics) !

[Hesham Mhd]

1- Temperature change questions -what variables are there + improvements + sources on errors-
2- Questions concerning springs -what variables are there + improvements-

[Hesham Mhd]

Guys plz help this is the aim of paper 6!!

[IG4ever]

1-Temperatures:
a) Variables: i.use of identical beakers
                  ii. use of same volume of water
                  iii. same initial temperature
                  iv. same time interval
b)Improvements : i. repeating the experiment and take the average of readings ( thats to experience the least possible experimental errors)
                        ii. wrapping the beakers with cotton/wool ( to reduce heat lost to the surroundings)
c) sources of errors: i.parallax errors when taking the readings from the thermometers ( avoid this by looking perpendicular to the scale)
                            ii.when recording volumes of water look at the bottom of the meniscus

[Hesham Mhd]

Thanks alot, i appreciate this , and, how can yu check that a metre rule, for example, is horizontal/vertical? I guess by using a protractor right?

[holtadit]

Thanks alot, i appreciate this , and, how can yu check that a metre rule, for example, is horizontal/vertical? I guess by using a protractor right?

Use a set square (for horiz and verti)

or

Measure the height of two points along the ruler; they should be the same height (for checking if horizontal)

[Hesham Mhd]

but if we use a protractor, will that be correct too? i mean it should be 90* for it to be hor./vertical right?

[Vin]

but if we use a protractor, will that be correct too? i mean it should be 90* for it to be hor./vertical right?

how would u do that while the ruler's in horizontal..?

its pretty much easy for nything thts vertical..

[Hesham Mhd]

i think it depends on the way yu place the protractor, but nvm, using a set square is more guaranteed anyway

[Vin]

no its ok i wanna kno .. how would u place a protractor while the ruler's in horizontal?