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CHEMISTRY GUIDE-A guide to special conditions needed for various reactions
Got Tech? GO TECH:
Reactions and the Catalysts needed for such reactions as well as the conditions in terms of pressure and temperature
Cracking:
Alkane +heat= alkene +alkane OR alkene +alkane +hydrogen
Conditions for Reaction: Aluminum oxide and chromium oxide 500 Centigrade
Addition reaction of ethene and steam to form ethanol:
X-ene + steam= X-anol
Conditions for reaction: Phosphoric acid catalyst, 300centigrade 60 ATM
Obtaining Hydrogen from methane for use in Haber’s process:
Methane + steam= hydrogen+ carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide + steam= hydrogen + carbon dioxide
Left over steam is reduced by the reducing agent carbon monoxide
Conditions for reaction: nickel catalyst, 750 centigrade, 30 ATM
Haber’s Process:
Nitrogen + hydrogen (ratio 1:3)= ammonia
Conditions for reaction: Finely divided iron catalyst 450 centigrade 200 ATM
Contact Process (formation of Sulfur trioxide):
Sulfur dioxide + oxygen= sulfur trioxide
Conditions for reaction: vanadium pent oxide catalyst, 450 centigrade
Oxidation of Ethanol to form Ethanoic acid:
Ethanol + oxygen = ethanoic acid + water
Conditions for reaction: It’s not exactly a catalyst but the reaction needs an oxidizing agent for ethanol to oxidize. Heated Potassium dichromate can be used as it is an oxidizing agent, and during the reaction the potassium dichromate turns from orange to green.
Esterification:
X-oic acid + Y-anol = Y-yl X-anoate
EG: Butanoic acid + heptanol= heptyl butanoate
Conditions for reaction: A few drops of concentrated Sulfuric acid as a catalst
Halogenation (formation of chloroethane, dichloroethane..etc)
Alkane + Chlorine radicals = chloroalkane + hydrogen chloride(HCl)
Conditions for reaction: To obtain chlorine radicals lead tetra-ethyl can be used, or UV rays are used.
That’s all I’ve got for now. If you have any similar additions it would be much appreciated.
NOTE: Previously for the production of Alcohol, I stated that ethane is reacted with steam, I noticed my mistake, and it's supposed to be ethene. PLEASE take a not of this modification!
$H00t!N& $t@r:
hey Thanks ALOT!!!! its really helpful
+rep !! keep it up ;)
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holtadit:
@Got Tech? GO TECH Potassium Dichromate changes from ORANGE to green not yellow.
J.Darren:
Contact Process (formation of Sulfur trioxide):
Sulfur dioxide + oxygen= sulfur trioxide
Conditions for reaction: vanadium pent oxide catalyst, 450 centigrade
- @ Atmospheric pressure
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