Assalamu Alaikum to everyone,
Those who has done edexcel AS Biology or AS/A2 Biology and those who are doing AS and A2 Biology, please explain to me for the following doubts-
1. Biodiversity is an important concept in conservation. I want to understand what is BIODIVERSITY and CONSERVSTION?? How can the biodiversity be and important concept in conservation??? What is the relationship between biodiversity and conservation??
According to my knowledge, what I understood by biodiversity and conservation mean by is, BIODIVERSITY has no specific definition, but it usually has taken to mean the range of communities and species that are present in an area, and also the genetic variation that exists within each species. In other words, I can say, that Biodiversity considers two aspects, they are species richness and genetic diversity. CONSERVATION involves attempting to slow down, stop pr even reverse the loss of biodiversity. In other words, I can say, that conservation helps to reduce the number of species richness and the genetic diversity in a particular area. If there is a loss of biodiversity, then it will affect the the entire ecosystem and there is no beneficial for humans as well. Therefore Biodiversity is an important concept in conservation. AM I CORRECT?? PLEASE CORRECT ME.
2. What is endemic species? According to my knowledge, I can say that endemic species means, where a species of any organism (plant/ animal/ micro-organism) is likely found only in one particular area not other areas, because this species is said to be restricted to that habitat. But I want to know why this species is endemic to that habitat?? According to knowledge, I can say, because this species is not adapted due to environmental changes, so less interbreeding with another mate and produce offspring with different characteristics, where they become more adapted to the environment changes. Less genetic variation has been involved and not only that, even the number of population or species richness is less. Due to that reason, this species is said to be endemic to that habitat. AM I CORRECT? When they say, this species is endemic to that habitat, that means is this species going to live further or is going to extinct?? Tell me which one and please include the reason as well. If this species is going to extinct, then the biodiversity will not be self regulated, because this species plays some important role to maintain biodiversity// So how come?? Can you please explain to me in details.
3. Now I got the point as to why the researchers do not want this endemic species to get extinction after some time. They take this sort of endemic species and put into the zoo, because in zoo , it helps this endemic species to interbreed with another mate by using captive breeding programmes( inorder to increase the population of this endemic species, to reduce the risk of extinction and also the genetic diversity is maintained) and reintroduction programmes.. AM I CORRECT?? May I know what is exactly mean by reintroduction programmes and captive breeding programmes??
4. what are the minerals ions containing in the soil?? Does Phosphate ion present in the soil?? If so what does phosphate ion play its role to the soil???
When a wheat seedlings place on the soil and when the phosphate ions are added into the soil, it will helps to increase the height of wheat seedling. AM I CORRECT??
5. Ropes can be made from many substances including nylon and manila. Nylon is a synthetic fibre and Manila is made of fibres from MUSA TEXTLIS plant. According to my knowledge, I can say that ropes are produced by the arrangement of cellulose microfibrils. Then how come ropes can be made from many substances such as nylon and manila?? Are Nylon and Manila a special name for the arrangement of cellulose microfibrils?? According to my knowledge, what does this statement mean by - * NYLON IS A SYNTHETIC FIBRE ; that means once the fibre is synthesized, it is called them NYLON or to synthesize the fibre, the chemical needed is NYLON// Which one?? *MANILA IS MADE OF FIBRES FROM MUSA TEXTILIS PLANT ; that means musa textilis plant contains plant fibres is called manila. AM I CORRECT? Can u explain me in details clearly//
6. when our cells are repairing from damaged cells to form new cells, this is done by mitosis instead of meiosis. The reason is because our damaged cells contain nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes. So mitosis is the only method ,that can perform its process to form new cells with 46 chromosomes.
In meiosis, it takes place in the gametes before fertilization occurs. That means the gamete sex cells are sperm cells and egg cells. These cells contain 23 chromosomes. There is reason why these gametes cells contain 23 chromosomes not 46 chromosomes, because once these gametes cells are fertilized, the zygote should have 46 chromosomes. If the gametes cells contain 46 chromosomes, once they are fertilized, the zygote will have 92 chromosomes, which is said to be impossible. AM I CORRECT?? But my problem is gamete cells contain nucleus, so how come their nucleus have 23 chromosomes?? Please explain to me in details as well.
7. what is the niche?? According to my Knowledge, I can say, that niche is a role of an organism in an ecosystem. Ecosystem is the interactions between living organisms and each other ,AND between the organisms and their non-living organisms are known as an ecosystem. Each species has its own niche in an ecosystem- this means the species has the interaction with other organisms and the interaction with its environment. AM I CORRECT??
8. Genetic diversity is important for the long term survival, adaptation and evolution of organisms. There are 3 main types of adaptation that will improve the chances of survival. That is anatomical adaptation, behavioural adaptation and physiological adaptation. Using these 3 main types of adaptation, it encourages a particular species to survive without dying when there is a change in environment after some other days. AM I CORRECT. Genetic diversity occurs when a there is a change in environment, it causes some changes of the base sequence in the gene of a particular species, which is said to be mutated gene. This is suitable for adaptation to the environment, but what about the internal body system?? If a particular species is mutated, don’t they have any problem with their body?? Like in human, when they are mutated, it can have several disease such as cystic fibrosis and thalassameia.. Like that will not have for that species???
9. After the 5 kingdom classification system, how come that there is another 3 domain classification system?? Bacteria and fungi are microorganism, but there are several different species of bacteria in each as well as fungi. So that doesn’t mean that they are belonged to different classification system// I don’t understand how come that there are 3 domains and they are bacteria, archaea and eukarya??? Please explain me in details clearly.
10. Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells and tissues. Stem cells itself do not have the ability to play a special role, because they are unspecialized cells. They can differentiate into specialized cells// But how is that ?? How can stem cells differentiate into specialized cells, when stem cells are unspecialized cells?? According to my knowledge, I can say that since stem cells are unspecialized cells, they differentiate into specialized cells by dividing the stem cells to produce daughter cells. Because stem cells contain genes that are switched off, so special protein molecule is not formed, because mRNA is not synthesized. Therefore stem cells are unspecialized cells. To synthesize mRNA, it needs active genes, which means the gene should be switched on a DNA molecule, only then protein molecule can be formed and cells become specialized. AM I CORRECT??
11. Does anyone have any knowledge on how to extract antimicrobial substances from black pepper??? We have learned, that a number of plants have antimicrobial properties.. What does that mean??? Can anyone explain me in details clearlyyyy.
Thanx in advance.
Waiting for your reply.
Wasalaam.
