OCR AS Psychology Notes- 15 Studies

[Ukhti-R]

DEMENT AND KLEITMAN

Aim- If you watch someone sleeping, you will sometimes see their eyelids fluttering, which is known as Rapid Eye Movement (REM).
The aim of the study was to test whether REM could tell us if someone was dreaming and what they were dreaming about.

Participants: 7 adult males, and 2 adult females.
                                            5 were studied intensively. The other 4 were tested on one or two nights.
                                            They had to abstain from alcohol and caffeine.

Method:

a) Physiological: There were 2 physiological measurements made
   - EEG recording of the brainactivity
   - Electrical activity around the yes was recorded so as to detect eye movements.

b.) Self- reports
    Participants were asked by an internal phone.

These self report questions and EEG reading allowed D&K to correlate:

- REM and dreaming
-Length of REM and estimate of length of dream
- Dream of REM with content of the dream.

Results:

- 80% of participant recalled their dream when awoken in REM, however, 20% did not.
- 88.2% of participants estimated correctly thatthey were dreaming for 5 mins, however 11.8% estimated incorrectly.
- 78.3% estimated correctly that they were dreaming for 15 mins, however, 21.7% estimated incorrectly.

-REM occurred once every 92 mins.
-REM - low voltage, fast EEG
-NREM- High voltage, slow EEG
- REM ranged from 3- 50 mins. avg, of 20 mins.

Eye movements:
-Mainly vertical
-Mainly horizontal
-Both vertical and horizontal
-Very little of no movement.

[miqbal]

ammar told me about these notes. thank u so much

i m so wek in physocology

[Ukhti-R]

ammar told me about these notes. thank u so much

i m so wek in physocology

That;s aight!

Are you taking OCR ? (:

[Freaked12]

That;s aight!

Are you taking OCR ? (:

yep

he was writing from mobile so spellingss :p..

i distributed these notes on facebook..(dont worry i used your name by roxy on this website.)

[Ukhti-R]

yep

he was writing from mobile so spellingss :p..

i distributed these notes on facebook..(dont worry i used your name by roxy on this website.)

hmm. okay. but why can't you just give them the link here ?

[Freaked12]

hmm. okay. but why can't you just give them the link here ?

keep blocking me of facebook dude.and you will know why 

[Ukhti-R]

BANDURA, ROSS AND ROSS

Aim- The aim of Banduras study was to find out whether children, as passive witnesses to an aggressive display shown by an adult, would imitate this aggressive behaviour when given the opportunity.

Hypotheses:

-Subjects exposed to aggressive models will reproduce aggressive acts resembling those of the models.
- The observation of non aggressive models will have a generalised inhibiting effect on the subjects subsequent behaviour.
-Subjects will imitate the behaviour of a same sex model to a greater degree than a model of the opposite sex
- Boys will imitate more aggressive behaviour than girls.

Participants:

36 girls 36 boys ages ranged between 3-5 years.
1 male adult, and 1 female adult.

Procedure:

It was a lab experiment, which had 3 conditions:
-The control group
-The group exposed to the aggressive model
-The group exposed to the passive model

a.) Aggressive model condition
- 6 boys with the same sex model
- 6 girls with the same sex model
- 6 boys with the opposite sex model
- 6 girls with the opposite sex model

b.) Non-Aggressive model condition
- 6 boys with the same sex model
- 6 girls with the same sex model
- 6 boys with the opposite sex model
- 6 girls with the opposite sex model

There are therefore 3 independent variables:
-The condition the children were exposed to
-The gender of the role model
-The gender of the child.

Results:

1. Imitative Behaviour- Those in the aggressive group imitated many of the models verbal and physical aggression, both aggressive and non aggressive behaviours in fa t 1/3 of their imitations were of non aggressive verbal behaviour.
In contrast, children in the non aggressive condition displayed very few of these behaviour.

2. Non imitative aggression: The aggressive group displayed much more non imitative aggression than the non aggressive group.

3. Non aggressive behaviour- children in the non aggressive condition spent more timeplaying non aggressively with dolls than children in the other groups, and also spent more time just sitting and playing with nothing.

4. Gender- Boys imitate more physical aggression than girls, but not verbal aggression. There was evidence of same sex effect, where boys were more likely to imitate their male role model than the female role model, and girls were more likely to imitate their female role model than the male role model.

[Ukhti-R]

Coolest website for AS Psychology guys:

http://www.holah.co.uk