Qualification > Reference Material
6BI05 Scientific Article June 2011 Discussion
notReverend:
sorry!!!!
i had physics unit 4
but maybe other people did too.
give me one more hour! please!
sorryyyy
notReverend:
okay, here are the first few:
1) what is the difference between muscle dystrophy and muscle atrophy, or are they the same thing?
They are not the same thing. Muscle atrophy is a wasting away of muscle from disuse or poor nutrition, and can be total or partial loss of function associated with the lessening of muscle mass secondary to nervous, vascular or nutritional causes. Muscle dystrophy is a degeneration of the muscles or any organs caused by a disease process, and can also be caused by malnutrition. Dystrophy is primarily a disease of the muscle itself, and it caused by mostly genetic factors.
2) what is the difference between IGF-1 and MGF?
When a person’s pituitary glands release human growth hormone, it causes the liver to release IGF-1. IGF-1 is at its highest in childhood and stimulates muscle growth. MGF is a variant of IGF-1, and stimulates myoblasts division and allows for muscle fibers to fuse and mature. (Myoblasts are undifferentiated cells in the mesoderm of the vertebrate embryo that is a precursor of a muscle cell.) The difference between IGF-1 and MGF is that IGF-1 stimulates cell growth in muscles, kidneys, bones, liver, lungs, and nerves (among other body cells) and MGF stimulates myoblasts division through stimulation of different receptors.
3) how does intensive exercise lead to the buildup of muscles?
Forced lengthening of the muscle with high weight loads causes microscopic tears in the small fibers that make up the muscle and connective tissues. Thus, the muscle is physically damaged. After exercise, fluid begins to build up in the damaged cells in order to bring in immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages to the site of injury. The muscle cells are then repaired, muscle energy is replenished, and the fibers are built back up bigger and stronger than before.
notReverend:
4) how to Human Genome Project relate to gene therapy?
Genes control heredity and provide the basic biological code for determining a cell’s specific functions. Gene therapy seeks to provide genes that correct or supplant the disease-controlling functions of cells that are not, in essence, doing their job. For gene therapy to advance to its full potential, scientists must discover the biological role of each of these individual genes and where the base pairs that make them up are located on the DNA. This led to the development of the Human Genome Project in 1990. A genome map would clearly identify the location of all genes as well as the more than 3 billion base pairs that make them up. With a precise knowledge of gene locations and functions, scientists may one day be able to conquer or control diseases that have plagued humanity for centuries.
notReverend:
5) how do peptide hormones lead to the formation of proteins? (like what is peptide hormones?)
I won’t answer the first part because honestly, it is a tough question (for me at least), and after searching it online for some time, it looks like protein synthesis is indirectly influenced by peptide hormones, but I could be wrong.
Peptide hormones, also referred to as protein hormones vary considerably in size (anywhere from 3 amino acids to the size of a glycoprotein). Most of them circulate in the blood without getting bound to other proteins and the half-life of circulating peptide hormones is only a few minutes. If they do not immediately circulate into the bloodstream, they are stored in the granules of the concerned cells.
Ghayth:
--- Quote from: notReverend on June 21, 2011, 02:46:55 pm ---okay, here are the first few:
1) what is the difference between muscle dystrophy and muscle atrophy, or are they the same thing?
They are not the same thing. Muscle atrophy is a wasting away of muscle from disuse or poor nutrition, and can be total or partial loss of function associated with the lessening of muscle mass secondary to nervous, vascular or nutritional causes. Muscle dystrophy is a degeneration of the muscles or any organs caused by a disease process, and can also be caused by malnutrition. Dystrophy is primarily a disease of the muscle itself, and it caused by mostly genetic factors.
--- End quote ---
Could they really ask something like this ? I mean aren't questions about the article supposed to relate things in the article to topics we took in our course ? How could they ask about differences of something you never heard of before :-\
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