*state of matter
*seperating techniques and mixtures
The three states of matter :>Solid
>Liquid
>Gas
Properties of solid Rigid – fixed definite shape
Highly incompressible
Least intermolecular space
Intermolecular force of attraction is greatest
Type of motion of molecules : They vibrate along their mean position
Properties of liquid Indefinite shape – takes the shape of the container
Incompressible
Intermolecular space greater than solids and lesser than liquids
Intermolecular force of attraction lesser than solids
Type of motion of molecules : Random, constant movement of molecules
Properties of gasIndefinite shape – Completely fills the container creating a specific amount of pressure of the walls (dependent on the concentration of gas/number of molecules)
Highly compressible
Greatest intermolecular space
Intermolecular force of attraction least.
Type of motion of molecules : Random and uncertain (Brownian motion)
(also refer ppt)
Separation techniques and methods:>Mixture of two solids : one soluble in water, other insoluble - Dissolve the mixture in water> Filter the contents> Dry the residue on paper> Evaporate the solution to obtain soluble solid.
>Mixture of solid particles (eg. sand) and water : Sedimentation (allow the solid to settle) > Decantation (carefully pour the solution from the container in order to leave the (sand) particles in the bottom of the original container. > Filtration (Filter any solid particles present after decantation in the solution of water)
>Mixture of solid particles (eg. sand/salts etc) and iron > Use magnet.
>Mixture of two or more miscible liquids > Fractional distillation
>Mixture of two miscible liquids > Separating funnel.
>Idea of chromatography
[refer ppt for more info and diagrams]